To understand how signs work in Peirce’s theory of triadic sign relations, or “semiotics”, we have to understand, in order of increasing generality, sign relations, triadic relations, and relations in general, each as conceived in Peirce’s logic of relative terms and the corresponding mathematics of relations.
Toward that understanding, here are the current versions of articles I long ago contributed to Wikipedia and Wikiversity and continue to develop at a number of other places.
cc: Cybernetics • Ontolog Forum • Peirce List • Structural Modeling • Systems Science
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